Update of remaining global budgets in Gt CO2
Source: FORSTER et al.: Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence
https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2641/2025/
See also: The Indicators of Global Climate Change initiative (IGCC) https://www.igcc.earth/
Sum actual emissions 2020 - 2024 205 Gt Source: GCP
Remaining budgets from beginning 2025 (IGCC) Converted to from 2020
Warming Estimated remaining carbon budgets Warming Estimated remaining carbon budgets GtCO2 GCP IGCC EDGAR
Probabilities: 50% 67% 83% Probabilities: 50% 67% 83% fossil LUC total fossil LULUCF total fossil LULUCF total
[°C] [GtCO2 from 2025 on] [°C] [GtCO2 from 2020 on] 2020 34.4 4.5 38.89 36.0 4.4 40.40 36.2 -0.11 36.10
1.5 130 80 30 1.5 335 285 235 2021 36.0 4.7 40.70 36.5 4.3 40.80 38.2 -0.35 37.87
1.6 310 240 160 1.6 515 445 365 2022 36.7 4.8 41.50 37.1 4.1 41.20 38.5 -0.24 38.30
1.7 490 390 290 1.7 695 595 495 2023 37.3 4.7 42.01 37.8 3.6 41.40 39.1 1.30 40.41
1.8 680 550 430 1.8 885 755 635 2024 37.8 4.6 42.36 38.2 4.2 42.40 39.6 -0.05 39.59
1.9 860 710 560 1.9 1,065 915 765 total     205.5     206.2     192.3
2.0 1,050 870 690 2.0 1,255 1,075 895
The remaining carbon budgets defined by the IPCC refer to cumulative anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, i.e. fossil and industrial CO₂ plus emissions from land-use change. For consistency with this definition, back-calculations from remaining budgets should use GCP’s fossil-plus-LUC series (or the nearly identical IGCC total excluding LULUCF). EDGAR’s LULUCF data are unsuitable because they include large management-related sinks and follow UNFCCC inventory accounting rather than the IPCC budget framework.
Budgets IPCC AR6 Difference to IGCC budgets
Warming Estimated remaining carbon budgets Warming Difference Warming Difference
Probabilities: 50% 67% 83% Probabilities: 50% 67% 83% Probabilities: 50% 67% 83%
[°C] [GtCO2 from 2020 on] [°C] [GtCO2 from 2020 on] [°C] [GtCO2 from 2020 on]
1.5 500 400 300 1.5 -165 -115 -65 1.5 -33% -29% -22%
1.6 650 550 400 1.6 -135 -105 -35 1.6 -21% -19% -9%
1.7 850 700 550 1.7 -155 -105 -55 1.7 -18% -15% -10%
1.8 1,000 850 650 1.8 -115 -95 -15 1.8 -11% -11% -2%
1.9 1,200 1,000 800 1.9 -135 -85 -35 1.9 -11% -8% -4%
2.0 1,350 1,150 900 2.0 -95 -75 -5 2.0 -7% -6% -1%